Thomas Jefferson Most Important Presidents That The...

The name Thomas Jefferson will sound familiar to most American people. In fact, some people might argue that he was one of the most important presidents that the United States ever had. He was born on April 17, 1743 in Abemarle County, Virginia. So what made Thomas Jefferson so important? He was one of the earliest leaders that ended British rule in the United States. (Mccolley 160). He was considered the first democrat, and he was known as a Virginia aristocrat. His parents were both rich, and Jefferson definitely followed in their footsteps. At an early age, Jefferson learned the importance of politics. He attended private school all of his life, and he went on to attend the College of William and Mary. He was a very intellectual student, and he completed his degree within two years. Jefferson visited with the governer a lot. He went on to visit quarter sessions of the courts. He quickly rose the political ladder and was soon above everyone that he mentored under. Jefferson became a part of the House of Burgesses, which was the first democratic legislative body of the British Americans. He was known for his wealth, which helped him rise to president. His father passed away, and he gained all of his land. After, he got married which doubled his property. Thomas Jefferson had more than two hundred slaved. He was always ready to learn about new information, which is part of the reason he was so successful. Jefferson was brilliant in every aspect of his life, and he wasShow MoreRelatedThomas Jefferson And His Achievements And Political Decisions1262 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, one of the most well-known presidents in American history, was the third president of the United States, and was known as one of the Founding Fathers, for he is one of the principle authors of the famous Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson is an important factor of the development of the United States. This leading figured has influenced the prosperity of the America’s with his achievements and political decisions, regarding the United States JosephRead MoreDid Thomas Jefferson Abandon His Ethics for the Lousiana Purchase1020 Words   |  5 PagesDid Thomas Jefferson give up his deeply held political values in order to purchase the Louisiana Territory from the French (P. 2)? This is the major question that has led to much debate within the early history of America (P. 1). Some historians argue that Thomas Jefferson did, in fact, throw away his commitment to states’ rights and constructionism by the large purchase of Louisiana for the U.S. (P.1). On the other hand, some believe that President Jefferson supported his political beliefs, theRead MoreLouisiana Purchase And The Louisiana1535 Words   |  7 Pagesit would have the most importance of any other purchase made in the United States. It is referred to as the Louisiana Purchase. The land that was purchased was known as the Louisiana Territory. Also, this territory wasn’t just bought. It was exchanged, for an important reason. The Louisiana Purchase is known as one of the most significant purchases or exchanges of money in the history of the United States of America. Additionally, the Louisiana Purchase was made for many important reasons, and wasRead MoreWho Is Thomas Jefferson?993 Words   |  4 Pages Who is Thomas Jefferson? Matthew Backlin United States History 1 A CP October 18, 2015 Who was Thomas Jefferson? Most people just think of him as the man who wrote the Declaration of Independence or just one of our many presidents. That’s not the case. Jefferson was more than that, He was a very intelligent man and a loving father and grandfather. Thomas Jefferson was also an inventor and one of the most significant men in the history of makingRead MoreThomas Jefferson: One of Americas Most Inspirational Men Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Jefferson was not only our nations third president, but one of the most inspirational men in our United States history. His life from birth to death will be explained in the following content, and will give you a better understanding of his contributions to the United States and his accomplishments throughout his very interesting life. Thomas was born in Goachland County, Virginia on April 13th, 1743. He lived in his family’s estate called Shadwell that was owned and built by Thomas’Read MoreThe First Five Presidents Of The United States1233 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst five presidents for the United States impacted the United States greatly and their names were George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. The president I think that impacted the U.S the most was George Washington who was in office for eight years (1789-1797). George Washington who was the commander in chief and led the army in the Revolutionary War and gained freedom from Great Britain at that time there was thirteen colonies in the United States. In 1783Read MoreThe First Five Presidents Of The United States Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst five presidents of the United States impacted the United States greatly and their names were George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. The president I think that impacted the U.S the most was George Washington who was in office for eight years (1789-1797). George Washington who was the commander in chief and led the army in the Revolutionary War and gained freedom from Great Britain at that time there was thirteen colonies in the United States. In 1783Read MoreEssay about Biography of President Thomas Jefferson1502 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States is one of the more lauded, revered, criticized, and respected presidents of all time. In fact, he’s better to be seen as two people: a quiet and secluded philosopher, and an informal, public and loud president; it just so happens that these conflicting personalities found their home inside of Thomas Jefferson. This paper shall cover how come these personalities came into conflict so often, by examining his philosophies, the actions he tookRead MoreThe United States Of The Declaration Of Inde pendence1486 Words   |  6 PagesIndependence from England in 1776. They were a group of very strong and independent men who were interested in the future of the country and its ability to stand on its own. Some of the most important men who signed the Declaration of Independence include: George Washington, John Adams, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. The founding fathers were a group of men who were sick and tired of the abuse and mistreatment of the British soldiers in the 1700’s. ThereRead MoreThomas Jefferson, Man Of Citizens1000 Words   |  4 Pages Thomas Jefferson† Man of Citizens† Tamika E. Johnson Delaware Technical Community College Thomas Jefferson, a spokesman for democracy, one of American’s Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States from 1801–1809.Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, at Shadwell plantation in western Virginia. His father, Peter Jefferson, was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother, Jane Randolph Jefferson came from

People are protected from having anybody search their home...

People are protected from having anybody search their home and/or take their property, which includes personal belongings, without any valid reason to do so. Your home can only be searched if the person who is to search your home has a warrant and oath from the government that states that they have the right to search your home and possibly, sieze your property. The United States government has violated the fourth amendment by commiting the act of creating the National Security Agency, a government-funded program. The National Security Agency collects information from billions of people across the globe. The information that they collect includes but is not limited to phone calls, e-mails, text messages, and even personal information.†¦show more content†¦However, he searched her private property without any warrant, and, thus, has violated the fourth amendment. In Middletown, Ohio, police officers upheld the fourth amendment by searching the homes of eight people with a warrant. Police officers in Ohio searched three homes on March 19th, 2014 with a search warrant declaring that they could do so. Upon entering these homes, the police officers found evidence of a meth lab along with materials that were used to make illegal drugs. The people that were involved in this creation of meth and the meth labs were faced with charges, and two of the eight men were arrested accordingly. According to the fourth amendment, the police officers would need a warrant before searching the homes of these eight people. These police officers in Middletown, Ohio did, in fact, uphold the fourth amendment by only searching the homes with a search warrant that allows them to. The fourth amendment was clearly represented when a seizure of video game sweepstakes machines was conducted with two search warrants in Waynesville, NC. It was believed that two business establishments outside of Canton and Waynesville contained illegal video game sweepstakes machines. Police officers obtained two search warrants, which allowed them to search and seize any of the illegal video game sweepstakes machines that they find. They began searching one of the establishments at 8am on March 20th, which didn’t show any signs of it being aShow MoreRelatedIs Wilkes V. Wood?1692 Words   |  7 Pagesevidence exists that the pervading legal philosophy of the time in which the Bill of Rights was drafted would have supported the exclusionary rule. Two high profile English court cases prior to the drafting of the Bill of Rights in 1791 demonstratively influenced the opinions of the writers of the Fourth Amendment on illegal search and seizure and the exclusion of evidence. T he first case is Wilkes v. Wood in 1763 in which the home of John Wilkes, a House of Commons member who wrote scathing critiquesRead Morehistory Essay example2187 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿THE EFFECTS OF WORLD WAR I ON POLITICAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES As you read in Chapter 21 â€Å"An Emerging World Power,† the government clamped down hard on those who dissented from the war and on those who held radical or unpopular opinions. In this assignment you will explore how political and ethnic minorities were treated during and after World War I. Definition: A â€Å"minority† is anyone who is not like or does not agree with the majority. It does not have to mean an ethnic or racial minorityRead MoreUnit 17 Police Powers In The Uniformed Public Services5676 Words   |  23 Pagesa crime, no matter how strong your suspicions are. Suspicion alone is not enough – and if you do make an arrest which is incorrect, you might find yourself in trouble with the police. The circumstances where you can make a citizen’s arrest are: During the offence – if a person is in the act of committing an indictable offence. (An indictable offence is a serious criminal offence which must be tried in crown court. After the offence – you may arrest the person who is guilty of the offence. ` ThereRead MoreThe Privacy Of The 21st Amendment2016 Words   |  9 Pageseasier to invade people’s privacy and their personal data. People want to feel safe and secure if they want to share their data with others and not have to worry if someone is trying to steal the data. If people knew that there data is more secured and safe to tell other people then they would share their ideas about things more and not have to worry that someone will steal it. Some say that we should add privacy to the fourth amendment so people can’t invade their personal life or their information.Read MoreThe Articles Of The Constitution2513 Words   |  11 Pagesbalances so one branch does not become more powerful than the other two. The Constitution was written so every man and woman had equal rights. The first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights. When people hear the term â€Å"Bill of Rights† many people think of just the first amendment which deals with freedom of rel igion, speech, and press. In regards to criminal justice the fourth amendment can arguably be the most significant. There can also be an argument that the 5th, 6th, and 8th amendmentsRead MoreWhite Privilege : Black Privilege Essay1864 Words   |  8 PagesWhite Privilege The ability to walk outside with all worries to the wind, feeling protected by the law, and working hard to get the positions one wants in the workplace, is all attributed to the concept of white privilege. In addition to this, white privilege means one never has to immediately fear being stopped by local authorities. As a Caucasian in any part of the world, thoughts such as, â€Å"Please don’t beat me. Please don t shoot me as I move slowly for my wallet†, never enter one’s mind. Read MoreExecutive Summary : Business Management3359 Words   |  14 PagesBuilding Limited on the New Zealand Stock Exchange. The organization was part from Fletcher Challenge in 2001, once New Zealand s biggest business and multinational. With 18,800 representatives universally and more than 50 organizations working under the Fletcher Building flag, the organization is Australasia s biggest building materials supplier. Mark Adamson has been the CEO since 1 October 2012. Jonathan Lin g was the CEO from September 2006 to September 2012. (wikipedia 2015) External Situation Analysis:-Read MoreInformation Technology Does More Goods Than Harms5156 Words   |  21 PagesWhat Is A Secret Cult The question has often been asked by various groups and people: what is a secret cult? A cult can be said to emanate from great and excessive admiration or belief in a person or idea. This could be manifested in rituals, praise songs, chants and worship. It is an unquestionable practice that may be difficult to dislodge even with superior argument.    Secret cult could therefore be defined as a set of practices, belief system or idea whose essence is known only to the innerRead MoreSafeguarding in Health and Social Care6436 Words   |  26 PagesTASK 1: Abuse (factors and contexts) Introduction Abuse of vulnerable people in most parts of the world needs to be stopped because it falls under the protection of human rights as It is fundamental right for all people to living a life that is free from harm, abuse and discrimination. This right is protected by Human Right Act 1998. Abuse is the violation of an individual’s human and civil rights by any other persons which results in significant harm. During the course of this induction guideRead MoreInformation Security And Effective Corporate Governance And Fraud Prevention5875 Words   |  24 PagesABSTRACT Information is everywhere in business and good information management is considered to be important any organization. Organizations and individuals are highly affected by misuses of information that result from security failures. This report has been compiled after thorough research on information security and it focuses on technical side of this critical issue and the impact of personal behaviour in securing organizational systems. The fact remains that even with implementing good mandatory

Harvard case essay Free Essays

Treasury bonds with the same maturity. The deference between selling TIPS and buying T-bonds will cover the Inflation risk losses thus effectively eliminates Inflation risk In the portfolio. The Harvard’s Policy Portfolio Includes much of the university endowment, pension assets, working capital, and portfolio contains 1 1 wide asset classes, Including domestic equity, foreign equity, private equity, domestic bonds, foreign bonds, emerging markets, real estate, commodities, absolute return, high yield, and cash. We will write a custom essay sample on Harvard case essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This portfolio was determined by the board of the corporation for the long-run allocation, however, the manager can make short-run adjustment within the limits from the guideline. The reason that HAMS focus on real returns is HAMS want to exclude the influence of inflation and determine the return rate more precisely. As the formula nominal return = real return + inflation rate shows, choosing real return instead of nominal return can reveal the real purchasing power of the investment, thus help the manager to conduct more efficiently to prevent the evasion of the investment. As we can see from Exhibit land Exhibit 2, domestic and foreign equity constitute the biggest part of the portfolio, and these two asset classes have high real returns as well as latterly larger standard deviations. And we know that equity premium indicates the difference between the expected return on the market portfolio of common stocks and the risk-free interest rate, and higher risk often indicates higher equity premium. Based on Ham’s assumption that the real growth rate of annual spending is 3% after inflation, and that gifts to the endowment are same as the historical average rate (1%), HIM has to maintain a real between 6% and 7% of the total investment In order achieve its preservation goal. Thus HIM has to invest a large portion in US and reign equity with higher premium, resulting in a short of cash. Yes, From inception in 1 997, TIPS had offered a real yield that ranged from. 2% to 4. 25%. How to cite Harvard case essay, Essays

Intersectionality In International Airline -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Intersectionality In International Airline? Answer: Introduction The purpose of the topic is to discuss about the womens promotion in the middle and senior management and the way women are suffering from the critical gender discrimination while they are presenting them as a leader to the organization (Lonescu, 2012). It is therefore, important to discuss the issue and the importance of this issue is being taken into consideration in this topic. Therefore, by taking into account many organizations, it is important to discuss, the importance of the issue and the steps that are being taken into account regarding making the improvements of the women in the status of leadership. Further in the topic, it is discussed whether and how much the issues that are being addressed work and the reasons behind being women are considered to be dropped out from the promotion level. Recommendations are given and in what areas, leaders must be aware of to bring changes in this area (Lonescu, 2012). Defining the issue and importance of the issue The workplaces in the later half of the 20th century, it is getting populated with the female workers. However, unlike the male workers, the females are not getting enough promotions in the post of senior management. The main issues behind this problem can be varied. According to the survey conducted, it is said that women are not getting promotion at higher level is mainly due to the unequal pay, gender discrimination and the process of hiring. Therefore, the matter is of a serious concern in the organizations (Baker, 2014; John, 2013). Leadership means delegation, inspiring, communication, collaboration respect the capacity to adapt to change and learn. The personality of the woman tends to be soft, having emotions and the women tend to be more of a helper. However, there are examples of women who can fit the status of being a proper leadership. The growth of competition in todays modern society is becoming intense day by day (Baker, 2014). It would become nice to see people and support from business and nurturing the differences between the people rather than forcing them to comply. Forcing the people to feel men in the top and women to follow the orders of men. There are challenges to the women who are in the leadership stage. Other than the gender discrimination in the workplace, the women also face problems in terms of lack of confidence in them. Accordingly, the society is also lacking forward to accept woman as a leader in the workplace environment (Center et al., 2017; Rhode, 2016). Against this background, it is rather important to analyze what keeps women away from the leadership qualities and this issue should be considered important in terms of gender equality and checking the characteristics of the modern century, where the importance of both the gender must be given importance in terms of their work. Therefore, the obstacles of women in representing the post of senior manager have to be checked properly with the application of different policies and procedures in the organization (Center et al., 2017; John, 2013). Issues addressing the problems faced by women in leadership Women has increased their level of participation at a professional level, but the promotion to the post of executive or senior levels has been dropped by a significant level. In Australia as well also in other countries, the women playing the role of leadership is still remaining as an important issue with which it can be dealt. Against, this background, attempts have been made to address the issue properly in terms of a transforming environment of the business. The issues regarding the promotion of women in the status of an executive manager have been addressed through passing of Federal Sex Discrimination Act in Australia and action based on affirmation (Cook Glass, 2014). This discusses about the further promotion of women without getting into conflict with the status of male and the acts also take care of the equal opportunity for both men and women in terms of payment and their work (Northhouse, 2015). In the year 2004, just the working women of Australia over one- third is employed in the professional and associate level. The enactment of the legislation has made its contribution to a rhetorical based framework for the full economic and social participation of women in Australia. In Woolworths, The business community has also addressed this issue or the challenges in diversity around the barriers who is facing women in management. The company has also inculcated different diversity strategies in order to respond to the needs to contro l and maintain the field dynamics based on the level of playing and the process of promotion, the process of caring responsibilities in the life of the women (Cook Glass, 2014; Tuminez, Duell Majid, 2012). Different organizations in Australia, address the issue of promotion through the implementation of handling over the survey questions to the women, in order to derive answers from them about their promotion in their workplace organization. It has been found in West farmers that out of the survey questions produced, the organization tried to take steps in order to stop gender discrimination in their workplace (Latu et al., 2013; John, 2013). A number of business leaders believe that the transparency and meritocracy are being emphasized at strategy and policy level, a level playing field ambience would render support to the career of women to the senior positions. The leaders believe that a critical mass of women would organically occur without intervening, such as quotas and the inculcation of values that provides support to the diversity is a greater way to move. The individuals or the governments have also taken initiatives to bring changes in this particular area, through the setting of the targets and quotas for women for the positions of middle and senior management. The success achieved after addressing the issue With the enactment of the legislation and the steps taken by organization to reduce the gender discrimination in the level of promotion, it can be stated that, the workforce in the organization increased the diversity and that also lead to the higher performances. In many organizations of Australia, the diversity leads to the increase in higher performances (Rosenbach, Taylor Youndt, 2012; John, 2013). Companies who are having MSCI world index having a stronger female leadership has generated a return on equity at 10.1% versus to 7.6% for those who are not having female leadership. The success not achieved after addressing the issues Leadership issue is identified in the professional sectors in the context of women. However, women are participated at the various professional levels while they are still facing issues related to their position and promotion in the professional sectors. However, it has been addressed that as an executive manager women face issues in their professional career (Pfau-Effinger, 2017). Therefore, many companies have evolved their strategies regarding the women worker to give them similar opportunity in their working environment. Despite of theses the women are still facing issues as some strategies of the business organization fail to be succeeded. However, in Wesfarmers the company takes initiative to mitigate the gender discrimination but still it has been seen in this organization (Andall, 2017). Hence, the anti-discrimination regarding the gender discrimination has been failed. The poor provision of the work policies and the practice resist the organization to get success to implemen t the actions to resolve the issues related to the women in their promotion. Therefore, Australian government failed to take proper regulation to reserve the right of the women in the working sectors, which affect the process of providing similar opportunity to the women in their professional career. On the other hand, due to presence of negative stereotype around the women in their professional sectors also hamper the process of achieving leadership or senior executive in an organization (Ali et al., 2017). There is a big gap in the understanding of the organizational culture regarding the working experience of women. The culture of the organization is not well as a result women are resisted to get higher position in their professional sector (Pilcher, 2017). Poor arrangement of the workplace affected the position of the women and some unspoken rules and regulation act as the hidden barriers in the working practice of the women. However, due such barriers the practices in the busin ess organization are to give the women similar opportunity is affected and failed (Mills, 2017). Recommendations to resolve the issues Establishment of the gender equality is the vital practice to give similar opportunity to the women in the workplace. However, gender discrimination is the main reason that resists the women to get higher position in the professional sectors. According to Johnson, (2017), it is important for the organization to reduce the gender discrimination in the workplace. Therefore, it will be helpful for the women to get promotion in the senior position in their professional career. Development of the proper organizational culture will be beneficial for the women to get promotion their professional career. However, good working culture will give opportunity to the women to enhance their career. However, positive working culture triggers the equality in the working place and reduces inequalities. Establishment of the cultural diversity will be helpful keep the rights of the women belong from different cultural backgrounds. This cultural diversity will be effective to enhance the career of the women in the professional sector. Managers of the organization should responsible to the female workers. They need to conduct a meeting and make a clear communication with the female workers. This will be beneficial for the women in their professional development. Government needs to implement rules and regulation regarding the employment of women. However, in Australia improvement in the employment right act will be beneficial for the women to get equal benefits and scope in their professional career. Responsibilities of the leader to bring changes in the women employment Leader should be aware about the womens right in the workplace (Karamessini Rubery, 2013). However, it is crucial for a leader to protect the right of the women by giving them similar opportunity like male worker. For this reason, an effective communication is required. Communication is the core area of the leadership. A leader can communicate with the vision of change regarding the women employment through effective communication. Hence, in an organization the leader needs to communicate with the women workers and to understand their feelings and emotion regarding their position. An effective leadership can resolve issues related to the women employment thus, effective communication is the major role of a leader to deliver the changes in an organization (Whatmore, 2016). The leaders should bring the issues regarding the position of women in an organization to the hierarchy level. This could be effective for the women to get opportunity for their professional development. Providing promotion, reward the leader can improve the career of the women in an organization. However, leaders act as the media who lead the issues of the employee to the hierarchy. On the other hand, by collecting feedbacks from the women employees the leader can understand whether the employee are satisfied or not with their work (Fagan et al., 2015). Therefore, by developing winning strategy the leaders become champions by delivering the changes in favor to the women employment in the organization. The leaders execute the changes in brilliant process. In order to improve the women employment in an organization leaders play an important role. However, the leaders should be given their concern about the issues regarding the female workers in the workplace. Apart from this, the lead er must be aware about the issues related to women employment and womens right. By establishing an effective communication, the leaders are able to develop the women professionally. Conclusion The entire piece of study reveals the issues of the women in professional level. It has been stated that the women who are representing the workforce are not getting promoted to the higher level. Against this background, it is important to note down the women must be empowered and the organization must influence them to take part while representing the senior management position. Both the country and genders must be aware about their position and the men must cooperate with the women and the organizational culture to render support to the female while the latter is rising in their position References Ali, F., Malik, A., Pereira, V., Al Ariss, A. (2017). A relational understanding of work-life balance of Muslim migrant women in the west: future research agenda. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(8), 1163-1181. Andall, J. (2017). Gender, migration and domestic service: The politics of black women in Italy. Routledge. Baker, C. (2014). Stereotyping and women's roles in leadership positions.Industrial and Commercial Training,46(6), 332-337. Center, B., Sessions, S. F. I., Learning, I. L., Leaders, M. A. R. C., Accord, C., Board, C. W. O., ... Inclusive, B. (2017). The bottom line: Corporate performance and womens representation on boards (20042008).Catalyst. Cook, A., Glass, C. (2014). Women and top leadership positions: Towards an institutional analysis.Gender, Work Organization,21(1), 91-103. Fagan, C., Grimshaw, D., Rubery, J., Smith, M. (2015). Women and European employment. Routledge. Ionescu, L. (2012). The role of women in bureaucracies: Leadership, democracy, and politics.Economics, Management and Financial Markets,7(1), 138. Johns, M. L. (2013). Breaking the glass ceiling: Structural, cultural, and organizational barriers preventing women from achieving senior and executive positions.Perspectives in Health Information Management/AHIMA, American Health Information Management Association,10(Winter). Johnson, C. E. (2017). Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Karamessini, M., Rubery, J. (Eds.). (2013). Women and austerity: The economic crisis and the future for gender equality(Vol. 11). Routledge. Latu, I. M., Mast, M. S., Lammers, J., Bombari, D. (2013). Successful female leaders empower women's behavior in leadership tasks.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,49(3), 444-448. Mills, A. J. (2017). Man/Aging Subjectivity, Silencing Diversity: Organizational Imagery in the Airline Industry. The Case of British Airways?. In Insights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures(pp. 367-392). Emerald Publishing Limited. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Perry?Jenkins, M., Wadsworth, S. M. (2017). Work and Family Research and Theory: Review and Analysis From an Ecological Perspective. Journal of Family Theory Review, 9(2), 219-237. Pfau-Effinger, B. (2017). Development of culture, welfare states and women's employment in Europe. Routledge. Pilcher, J. (2017). Women of their time: generation, gender issues and feminism. Routledge. Rhode, D. L. (2016).Women and leadership. Oxford University Press. Rosenbach, W. E., Taylor, R. L., Youndt, M. A. (2012).Contemporary issues in leadership. Westview Press. Tuminez, A. S., Duell, K., Majid, H. A. (2012).Rising to the Top?: A Report on Women's Leadership in Asia(p. 57). Singapore: Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. Whatmore, S. (2016). Farming women: Gender, work and family enterprise. Springer.

40 Social Media Marketing Tips Every Marketer Should Know

40 Social Media Marketing Tips Every Marketer Should Know Ever feel like social media marketing can be, well, overwhelming? Believe us, we get it. Its a fast-moving industry, and with so much to learn and do, its easy to feel like youre falling behind. Thats why weve pulled together this list of our top 40 social media marketing tips. Its your easily skimmable go-to guide  thats full of actionable advice you can implement right now. Plus, weve included 12 free templates, guides, and infographics to help you put this advice into action. Add this page to your bookmarks and start learning! 40 Social Media Marketing Tips Every Marketer Needs To KnowGet Your Social Media Marketing Template Bundle Get more done with 12 free different templates! Heres everything your bundle includes: Social Media Content Calendar Template: Keep track of every social media post your team needs to publish. Best Times to Post on Social Media Infographic with the best times to post on every channel. Guide To LinkedIn Marketing Infographic: Packed full of stats about your favorite networking channel. Social Media Budget Template: To disperse and keep track of funding. Social Media ROI Report Template: that will walk you through how to use Google Analytics to find out how much money youre making for every post you publish. Facebook Marketing Strategy Template: To break down how youre going to use one of the worlds most popular social networks. Social Media Competitive Analysis Template: To observe and record your competitors strategies. Social Media Report Template: To track and prove how well your teams efforts are working. Social Media Proposal Template: To help you format your services and convince clients to work with your team. Social Media Strategy Guide: To help your team develop a plan of action for your social networks. How Often to Post on Social Media Infographic: that breaks down the best practices for publishing content on each social channels. Social Media Policy Template: To help outline social network expectations for your employees and deal with an emergency situation.Table of Contents Effective Facebook Marketing Tips To Get Traffic Build Traffic With These Twitter Marketing Tips Google+ Marketing Tips To Build Traffic Build Your Brand With These Instagram Marketing Tips Pinterest Marketing Tips To Get More Traffic Build Traffic With These LinkedIn Marketing Tips DID YOU KNOW: It's easy to plan, execute, and measure all your social media campaigns on one marketing calendar using ? Start your free 14-day trial or schedule a demo today. Effective Facebook Marketing Tips 1. Optimize Your Profile Picture and Cover Photo The first step for any marketing team using Facebook is creating an optimized profile picture and cover photo. Your profile picture should be: A high-resolution photo of your company's logo. Sized down to a 180px x 180px square. Still be recognizable viewing it on a mobile or tablet device. Remember your profile picture is the first thing that your audience sees in their newsfeed. Your logo should still be distinguishable in a small size. Your cover photo should be: Within the same theme as your profile picture. Should tell a more comprehensive story about who your organization is. This could be through taglines, product photos more. Sized correctly to allow your audience to see the full photo. Right now the optimum size for a cover photo (or video) on Facebook is 815px x 215px. Recommended Reading: The Best Guide to Social Media Image Sizes Every Marketer Needs 2. Fill Out Your Facebook Bio There are no shortcuts when it comes to your social media marketing.  That means you need to fill out your Facebook bio. A business's Facebook bio is broken into multiple parts including: About Section The first part of your Facebook profile is easy to fill out. It should include your company name, when your organization was founded, a phone number and email for people to contact you and a link to your website. Additional Information There is a section in your Facebook profile that will allow you to give your audience more information about your organization. This part of your bio should include a short "About Us" paragraph, a founding date, and information about the products and services your company offers. You can also add information on your privacy policy and any awards your company has received: Story Section The final part of your bio should include a story. The story section allows you to go in-depth about what makes your organization tick. You can break down product information, go deeper into how your company got started or add anything else that you think your audience needs to know when they're first learning about your organization: Here's how to optimize your business's #Facebook page.3. Set a Consistent Posting Schedule Consistently posting to your Facebook page helps get your audience into a rhythm. If they see that you share new content on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays at noon, it will help remind them to check in. According to 14 different studies, you should be posting to Facebook at least once per day: 4. Schedule Your Posts at the Optimum Time Facebook's algorithm makes it difficult for companies to reach their full audience because newsfeeds are continually reshuffling content and limiting the organic reach of your company's post. To maximize the life of your content, you should schedule your posts to publish at the best time. According to our research, we found that scheduling your posts at 9 am, 1 pm and 3 pm will give your content the best chance at attracting more eyeballs: You can either manually schedule your social media posts to send at the best times, or you can use the Best Time Scheduling feature in to publish your posts at the best time automatically: To use Best Time Scheduling, craft a social post in your calendar: Then scroll down to the bottom of your post and select  Best Time  from the drop-down menu: It's that easy. Did you know @can auto-publish all your social posts at the best times?5. Use Video To Attract Your Audience Tons of advice try and tell you what the best content type is for posting on Facebook. It ranges between images, videos, and links. Here's the truth. As of 2017 videos are the most reliable type of content that your team can publish. Why? Because the current Facebook algorithm pushes them to the top of your audience's newsfeed. Let's not forget Facebook just launched "Facebook Watch" a host platform that allows users to upload video series instead of only stand-alone videos: Introducing Watch Posted by Facebook on Wednesday, August 9, 2017 In a nutshell, your team needs to: Start with a big idea: What topic are your videos going to be centered around? Plan your shooting schedule and write your script. Create a video distribution schedule. Define your publishing and promotion schedule. Recommended Reading: How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way 6. Use Facebook Advertising To Boost The Reach of Your Posts If you want to guarantee you'll have eyeballs on your content you need to use Facebook advertising and boosted posts. Those eyeballs don't come cheap, and it's up to your social team to determine how much money you're willing to spend to get your posts in front of people. Check out this video from Hubspot to see how Facebook advertising works: If your team decides that Facebook advertising is the way to go, you'll need to: Determine your target audience. Set a budget. Create guidelines for what types of content you're going to boost. Set goals and choose metrics that will determine the success of your boosted posts. Recommended Reading: How to Set SMART Marketing Goals 7. Target The Right Audience Using Facebook's In-App Targeting Features Did you know that you can control who sees your ads based on their demographics? Facebook offers a feature that allows you to create a target demographic and push your content onto their feeds. Before this feature, you used to have to manually create your targeted ad demographics every time you wanted to publish a new ad. Now you can segment your audience and deliver the right content and the right time to help drive your customers deeper into your marketing funnel. Here's a quick video that walks you through how to set up your audiences: You can also use to create custom target audiences straight from the app. To do this start by creating a Facebook message in your calendar by clicking the  +  sign inside a date and select  Social Message: Click the target in the lower left-hand corner and begin selecting the demographics that you want your intended audience to be filtered by: Save your target audience to use on future posts by selecting  +Save Current As Preset. Title your target audience sample and click apply: will take care of the rest. Recommended Reading: 35 Facebook Marketing Tips to Drive Better Results Right Now Back To Table Of Contents Use These Twitter Marketing Tips To Get More Done 8. How To Use Hashtags On Twitter Correctly Hashtags make it easier for your audience to find your content and since Twitter is the birthplace of hashtags, you'll want to use them correctly. Hashtags fall into three categories: Branded: These are hashtags that are specific to your organization. Industry: These hashtags focus on industry topics and trends. Trending: These hashtags are centered around news related topics and will change quickly. Our advice? Mix up the types of hashtags you use in your posts and stick to using 1–2 hashtags  per tweet. If you're looking to do some hashtag research check out these sources: Hashtags.org Twubs.com Tagdef.com Hashtagify 9. Keep Your Messages Short Twitter may have just extended the length of a tweet to 280 characters but just because you have that space doesn't mean you should use it. According to our research, the best length for a tweet is 103 characters. However, this research was conducted before Twitter expanded its character limit. That means that your posts should be: Concise: Get straight to the point of what you want to say. Clear: Does what you're trying to say make sense? Conversational: Your tweets should encourage your audience to engage with you. Here are some other tips to follow when you're crafting your Twitter messages: Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/social-media-content-creation/ 10. Don't Automate Your Direct Messages (Ever) My biggest pet peeve is when I follow someone on Twitter, and almost immediately my inbox goes off, and a canned message appears thanking me for following said person. Automated direct messages come across as impersonal, annoying and lazy. You don't want your organization to be any of those things. If you want to reach out to a new Twitter follower, be sincere about it. Try using this template to start: "Hi, [Username]. We noticed that you just started following us on Twitter. We wanted to say thank you. If you need anything, reach out and let us know." 11. Use GIFs Wisely The latest "thing" that companies are creating to get people to interact with them is to write a random relatable quote and slap a GIF on it. While that may have worked the first five times, now every company out there is trying it and when you're already trying to stand out in a crowded feed, following what everyone else is doing will get you nowhere. If your team decides that GIFs will be a part of your Twitter strategy do the following: Decide what types of posts need to have a GIF. What types of GIFs are appropriate for your organization to use. How often your teams can use GIFs per day. When using a GIF is appropriate. 12. Post At The Best Times On Twitter The lifespan of a tweet is about 18 minutes. That means you have an 18-minute window to gather the most views on your content. How do you do that? You want to post at the times when your followers are on. Here is when to tweet in general to increase retweets and click-throughs: Around 5–6 p.m. Noon specifically 3 p.m. Best times to Tweet is around 5–6 p.m., around noon, and at 3 p.m. #marketing13. Use Twitter Lists To Help Curate Content Want to know one of the hacks to keeping up a steady stream of Twitter content? Curate content from your Twitter lists. A Twitter list is a list of users that a person has added into a specific group that will generate a feed of content from only those selected accounts. These are great for when you're following a bunch of thought leaders in your industry and need some awesome content to share in a hurry. If you want to learn how to create a Twitter list check out this video: Once you've created your lists you can scroll through those select feeds and begin to curate content. However, don't just read a headline and add the article or video to your publishing schedule. Follow these three steps before you add any content to your publishing schedule: Read the entire article. A headline does not tell you all the information that is included in the content. Take the time to actually read the content before you share it. Check to make sure that the information referenced is coming from a reliable source. It's easy to skim content and share it but if they information that you share with your followers isn't accurate it can damage your own creditability, so share wisely. Give credit to the content owners. No one likes having their worked swiped from them so be sure to give credit where credit is due. 14. Use Images To Grab People's Attention On Twitter Adding images and graphics to your tweets will get you 18% more clicks. When tweeting a link to your latest blog post, use one of the images from the post to help drive more clicks on the shared link. The image should relate directly to the subject of your blog post, which should help incentivize people to click. Here are some general guidelines for using images on Twitter: Make sure you use images in every  tweet. Stick to using images that are 440 x 220px Back To Table Of Contents Google+ Marketing Tips That Will Help You Get More Done 15. Create Headlines For Your Posts The more users notice your Google+ posts, the more likely they are to engage. Not only does adding a headline help your post stand out, but Google uses the first words of your Google + post to  help it stand out in the Google searches. Adding the right headline can help your post stand out in search results, and can greatly influence the number of people who both notice and click through to your content. –Cyrus Shepard, formerly of Moz Here is an example of a Google+ headline: 16. Use Big Images To Capture Your Audience's Attention Over at Quicksprout, Neil Patel said this about images: The bigger, the better! Take advantage of the technology in web design and monitors and use big and bold images. That's one great thing about Google +. You can take advantage of those big pictures. Here are a couple of general tips for using images effectively on Google+: Use images with the .png format rather than the .jpg format to make sure you have high clarity. Stick to using images that are 426 x 255px. 17. Post At The Best Times  On Google+ You are completely missing out on traffic to your content if you aren't posting at the best times for click-throughs. Here is when to post on Google+ for more click-throughs: 9 a.m. 11 a.m. 12–1  p.m. Best times to post on Google + is at 9 a.m., 11 a.m., and from 12-1 p.m. #marketing18. Use Communities To Build Traffic Blogger Tips Tricks  said, "Google Plus has highly active, close-knit communities which can give you massive exposure.  Some of these groups have more than 100K members and have high chances of getting significant traffic if you post valuable posts." So, if you aren't on Google+ Communities with a significant amount of members, you're missing out. This thorough step-by-step video will help when looking for Google+ Communities: 19. Create Circles With Your Connections Creating Circles with other people is a super easy way to grow your Google+ following base and bring traffic to your content. You can create circles for your work, groups you are a part of, location, industry, and even for your niche. Say you want to add someone to a circle. Press follow: You'll be able to pick which circle you want to add them to: Having connections in your circles will help you grow traffic  by creating relationships. 20. Create Collections To Help People Find Your Content Easier Having collections makes it easy to organize all your content. You can share your collections publicly, or you can keep them private. When you create your first few collections, you'll see this: Click Create a collection. Name your collection here. After naming your collection,  press Create: Then you will be brought here: When you click on the pen icon, you will  be able to write up your collection post, add a link, image, and even a video. Collections give your audience an excellent way to find more content on the topics they love. Back To Table Of Contents Instagram Marketing Tips To Boost Your Strategy 21. Switch Over to a Business Profile If your organization's Instagram profile isn't a business profile yet, you are missing out on potential data. Instagram business profiles allow your team to optimize your profile, add contact information and your website into the bio section making it much easier for your audience to interact and connect with you. To switch over to a business profile, click the setting on your Instagram page: Scroll down to  Switch to Business Profile: Flip the switch, and you're done. DID YOU KNOW: Once you have an account set up, you can schedule all your Instagram posts using ? See how here. 22. Keep Your Photos Styled Within One Color Scheme Keep your Instagram profile uniform by keeping your photos within one color scheme. Not only does keeping them in this palette make it easier for fans to recognize your photos it creates a more cohesive profile. From my own experiences, I can tell you that your photo IS important but so is the look of your Instagram feed as a whole. Creating a cohesive feed helps bring the tone of your brand across without having to say a word (literally). How do you know what type of color scheme to use? Use the color scheme that is consistent with your brand. That means that you can pull colors from your logo or other branding materials. You may need to pull out your branding book or talk with your designers to find out what those colors are. If you don't have your branding developed yet think about the tone that you want your brand to convey. If you're a fashion and style brand use bold bright colors like Instagram user @rclayton: Her fashion-forward feed is full of bright, electric colors that complement bold fashion choices. Together those colors convey a sense of confidence which is on point with her personal brand. Recommended Reading: How to Build Social Media Branding Guidelines to Make Your Brand Memorable 23. Choose One Filter and Stick With It Like we've already mentioned, consistency in your content is key to a successful Instagram feed. Another way to keep your feed consistent is picking one filter and sticking with it. If you have a design team at your disposal, you may not even need a filter. If you do decide to choose a filter the first thing that you need to do is determine the aesthetic of your brand. Do you want your photos to have more of a grunge feel or a light and airy feel? Using your branding guide, look for the keywords that describe your brand. Bundle them into a group of three and experiment with different filters to find the one that you and your team believe best convey's the intended aesthetic. 24. Include an Optimal Number of Hashtags Hashtags are a big part of Instagram's posts because it allows photos and video content to become searchable on the channel. Unlike Twitter, your Instagram post has a lot more room to breath, but that doesn't mean you should go hashtag happy on every post. Too much of something is not always a good thing. Our research found that 11 is the optimum number of hashtags that you should add to a post to help encourage people to interact with it: If you're struggling to figure out what types of hashtags to add to your post try a different mix of industry, branded and trending (when applicable) hashtags. Try using a mix of #hashtags in your #social #media posts.25. Experiment With Your Posting Times Ask anyone about the best times to post on Instagram, and you'll probably get a variety of answers from 2 in the morning to later in the evening around 5 pm. What if we told you it was all of them? Active hours for your audience will vary so experiment with your posting times to see when you can garner the most reactions. Our research suggests trying: 2 am. (Unless you like sleep in which case, sleep). Between 8 am and 9 am. After 5 pm. Recommended Reading: What 20 Studies Say About the Best Times to Post on Social Media 26. Utilize The Multi-Image Feature To Stand Out In A Crowd As of February 2017, Instagram added: "Instagram Albums" or the ability to upload more than one photo to a post. Why is adding more than one photo such a game changer? It allows your team to expand on your initial post to tell a more extensive story. DID YOU KNOW: You can schedule multi-image posts in ? Learn how here. A few examples that you could utilize Instagram Albums for are: New Product Launches Instead of trying to choose one perfect photo to showcase a new product now you can show multiple angles and even use cases. Check out this example from Nike:   The incredibly soft, springy, light and long-lasting Nike Epic React is here. Get it at Nike.com before it goes. #NikeReact A post shared by nike (@nike) on Feb 22, 2018 at 7:15am PST Event Recaps Using Instagram Albums can be a great way to recap an event your organization hosted or attended. Homecoming events are a great thing to recap in an album. Check out this example from Concordia College in Moorhead, Minn.: We had to shut down all of 8th street to fit all of the Cobber pride! ðŸÅ' ½Ã°Å¸â€˜  #cordmn #rollcobbs A post shared by Concordia College (@concordia_mn) on Sep 30, 2017 at 10:20am PDT Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/instagram-marketing-strategy/ 27. Utilize Instagram Stories To Stand Out In The App Instagram Stories is the Snapchat copycat that launched on the platform a little more than a year ago. These short ten second videos are broadcasted right to the top of your fan's feed like this: Instagram Stories can be used in a variety of different ways like: Showing behind the scenes content. Showcasing culture moments for your organization. Live demonstrations of how to use your product. The best part is that Instagram Stories go straight to the top of the app and you can add as many photos and videos as you want without having to worry about spamming your followers. Here's a quick video that shows you how to use Instagram Stories: Pinterest Marketing Tips To Get Sh*t Done 28. Pin At The Best Times Like Twitter, Pinterest is overflowing with content. That constant stream of content can make it hard to stand out which is why posting your pins at the right time will help them gain traction. Our research has shown that the following times are the optimum   periods to publish pins: From 8–11 p.m. (There is a 9 p.m. peak!) Around 2–4 a.m. and from 2–4 p.m. And last but not least 1–3 p.m.Best times to Pin on #Pinterest is at 8–11 p.m., 2–4 a.m., 2–4 p.m., and at 1–3 p.m.29. Use  Long Visuals On Pinterest To Capture Your Audience's Attention The most successful image size for Pinterest images and graphics are  long visuals. Here are a few tips for visuals on Pinterest: Make sure you link to content on your blog or website so you can convert the traffic. Stick to using images that are 600 x 1102px. Make sure that the content you add to the pin is easy to read and digest. These need to be skimmable images after all. 30. Use Keywords In Your Pin Descriptions Pinterest is a heavy keyword site meaning that if you target keywords in your pin descriptions, your pin will surface when that particular keyword is searched. To start, consult your SEO content strategy. If you've centered your content around keywords that your audience is looking for you should already know the keywords to add to your content. Pull the top ten keywords that your audience searches for and start to create content descriptions with those keywords. It's easier to think of your pin descriptions as mini meta-descriptions. In our research, we found that descriptions that were about 215 characters performed best: 31. Pay Attention To What Is Trending On Pinterest To Bring In Traffic Utilizing trending topics on Pinterest can help give your pins a little extra boost. Click on the icon next to the search bar. Then trending topics will populate in the bar below: Although trending topics can be a great way to give your pins an extra boost, don't throw your pins into a trending topic unless it makes sense for it to be there. Let's face it; it would be weird if your blog infographic showed up in a list of maternity photos. 32. Link Your Pins Back To Your Website Linking your pins back to your website is important because without that backlink your audience can't find you. Sure they could Google you, but people are lazy (myself included). Make it easy to find you. You can check your Pins to make sure they lead back to a website page by hovering over your Pin. Scroll down to  Website: If the website link is blank, you need to place a URL link there. Press Save. This might seem like a small, time-consuming step, but it's important to do a comprehensive sweep through your pinned content to make sure your pins are directing traffic to your blog or content elsewhere on the web. 33. Promote Your Pins Let's say your content is producing a ton of traffic and more than half is coming from Pinterest. Wouldn't you want to boost that pin to gain even more traffic? Promoted pins are easy to use. To promote a pin go to the left-hand side of your Pinterest profile and click  Ads. You can select a variety of different ads depending on what you want your end goal to be: For this example, we're going to promote a pin that increases traffic. Click  Create Campaign: From there Pinterest will walk you through how to set up a pin including creating a target audience, choosing target keywords, setting ad spend and more: Finally, you'll select your pin, and your campaign will start running. Easy right? 34. Design Infographics That People Want To Read Infographics are the heart and soul of Pinterest. They're visually stimulating and highly informative which makes them a sharing goldmine. But, only if they're done correctly. There are seven steps that you need to follow in order to create Pinterest-worthy infographics: Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/how-to-make-an-infographic/ Back To Table Of Contents Maximize Your Presence With These LinkedIn Marketing Tips 35. Make A Great First Impression With A Completed LinkedIn Profile Your business wants to make a substantial first impression on LinkedIn. People are searching for a solution, and they shouldn't have to go through the extra work of having to click to your website to find out more about you. So what does a completed profile look like? A Concise About Us Description Your "About Us" description needs to be concise enough to skim but thorough enough to answer the question "What do you do and what can you do for me?" List Need To Know Company Details The next and last part of your bio should include details like where your company is located, a web address and specialties that your organization works in: Recommended Reading:  https://.com/blog/linkedin-marketing-strategy/ 36. Build Traffic By Creating Your Own LinkedIn Group Creating a group is another way to build traffic on LinkedIn. To form your group, you must: Choose a niche and specialty category that you'd like to focus on. Write up your group description. Be sure to include the name of your target market and your group's category. Monitor and manage your group. You want your group to be a clean atmosphere for people in your industry to come and chat about what you all enjoy. That means keeping a steady stream of content so be prepared to throw in articles, white papers, podcast links and more those first few weeks to keep the discussion going. Beware of people who are sharing their content merely to get a few extra page views. If the content is relevant to the discussion, by all means, leave it in. However, you don't want other group members to get spammed by content so monitor your page daily if you can. 37. Always Share Engaging Content To Build Trust There are a bunch of things that go into writing engaging messages. Make sure you have these in mind when you're writing: Write about something your audience will enjoy. Get to the point. Share your content often. When you share content filled with actionable and helpful information you are building trust with your audience. ...the next step is to stay top of mind by sharing great content that delivers on-going value to your audience. - JoAnne Funch 38. Capture The Attention Of Your Audience With Images According to Neil Patel, attaching images to your content adds 98 comments. By capturing the attention of your audience, you're able to hook them into your content and engage with them. Here are LinkedIn's golden image rules: Do your images have a personal touch? Make sure your images are 531 px wide. 39. Post At The Best Times On LinkedIn We've found that LinkedIn posts receive the bulk of their likes, comments and reach potential within 2 hours of it's posting. To maximize that potential you need to post when your audience is online. When to post on LinkedIn for the most click-throughs: 5–6 p.m. 7–8 a.m. 12 p.m. Best times to post on LinkedIn are at 5–6 p.m., 7–8 a.m., and at 12 p.m. #Marketing40. Publish Content On LinkedIn Pulse To Get More Eyes On Your Content Publish posts to LinkedIn Pulse by pressing Publish a post. (You may republish things you've published elsewhere as long  as it is your original content that you own the rights to.) Add a headline: Once you publish your post, it will appear as a long-form post. Sharing posts on LinkedIn will help build you engage with your audience and direct traffic back to your blog by including  a strong CTA. After you finish writing your post, put your bio at the bottom and link back to your website. Back To Table Of Contents Now You're Ready To Build Traffic With Social Media Marketing Tips You now know the social media marketing tips it takes to build traffic to your blog, website,  and social media profiles. If you can take one of these 40 social media marketing tips and put it into practice, you've got what it takes to conquer the world when it comes to marketing on social media.

Free Essays on River Blindness

In 1978 William C. Campbell approached Roy Vagelos his laboratory director for approval to develop a drug that similar to Ivermectin that would be acceptable for human use, used to kill worms in cattle and other types of animals that could kill the microorganism that causes River Blindness. Vagelos knew that by approving this project he was exposing Merck and its share holders to a drug that could not be sold, because the majority of people who needed the drug could not afford it. He also knew if he did not approve the project he would be standing in the way of perhaps wiping out a dreadful disease. Vagelos was staring a major moral dilemma right in the face. River Blindness was immediately identified in 1893 but, by the 1970’s more than 85 million people were at risk to be infected in 35 developing countries Africa, Latin America, and Mexico. The World Health Organization (WHO) was already taking measures to try and control the humpbacked Black Fly which is the carrier of the disease. The Black Fly carries the disease much like a mosquito with malaria, it bites a person infected with malaria and then bites an uninfected person thus spreading it through the bite. Even though fleets of trucks, helicopters and airplanes spraying insecticide were used the size of the area made it nearly impossible to try and destroy an animal that is so deeply entrenched in an eco system larger than France. Two of the drugs that were being administered were diethycarbamazine and suramin but the administration of the drug was too difficult in the areas in which they were treating and sometimes the reactions were lethal. Campbell with the go ahead given by Vagelos began research into a drug called ivermectin it was used as a heart worm for horses, dogs and cats. He found further that in the horses it destroyed a parasite called Onchocerca cervicalis which was very similar to Onchocerca volvulus the parasitic cause of river blindness. He studied with... Free Essays on River Blindness Free Essays on River Blindness In 1978 William C. Campbell approached Roy Vagelos his laboratory director for approval to develop a drug that similar to Ivermectin that would be acceptable for human use, used to kill worms in cattle and other types of animals that could kill the microorganism that causes River Blindness. Vagelos knew that by approving this project he was exposing Merck and its share holders to a drug that could not be sold, because the majority of people who needed the drug could not afford it. He also knew if he did not approve the project he would be standing in the way of perhaps wiping out a dreadful disease. Vagelos was staring a major moral dilemma right in the face. River Blindness was immediately identified in 1893 but, by the 1970’s more than 85 million people were at risk to be infected in 35 developing countries Africa, Latin America, and Mexico. The World Health Organization (WHO) was already taking measures to try and control the humpbacked Black Fly which is the carrier of the disease. The Black Fly carries the disease much like a mosquito with malaria, it bites a person infected with malaria and then bites an uninfected person thus spreading it through the bite. Even though fleets of trucks, helicopters and airplanes spraying insecticide were used the size of the area made it nearly impossible to try and destroy an animal that is so deeply entrenched in an eco system larger than France. Two of the drugs that were being administered were diethycarbamazine and suramin but the administration of the drug was too difficult in the areas in which they were treating and sometimes the reactions were lethal. Campbell with the go ahead given by Vagelos began research into a drug called ivermectin it was used as a heart worm for horses, dogs and cats. He found further that in the horses it destroyed a parasite called Onchocerca cervicalis which was very similar to Onchocerca volvulus the parasitic cause of river blindness. He studied with...

To what extent was the Cold War global in nature Essay

To what extent was the Cold War global in nature - Essay Example First is the issue of spheres of influence. Spheres of influence have usually offered a tactic of control against immense power struggles by, establishing a defence ring of geographic territories around the lands of superpowers (Feste 1992). Certainly, throughout the Cold War the great powers formulated ideals concerning spheres of influence that were somewhat vital. In the initial stages of fierce Cold War struggle, the fight between the Soviet Union and the United States ensued over concerns of the external and internal direction of European countries, which is quite localized in nature. Yet, the regime supported by each of the great power appeared to create â€Å"a credible philosophical and organisational substitute for the old order of European politics† (Feste 1992, 15). The struggle hence becomes globalised. When the aforementioned part of the struggle weakened due to the military standoff and the recovery of Europe, the emphasis of the conflict moved to the developing or colonial nations. At this point, dissimilar from the European condition, the struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States seldom involved political or military domination (Westad 2005). More importantly, it involved the demands of the particular political and social paradigms introduced by the Soviet Union and the United States to the emerging countries. This struggle between the great powers had a major global impact on political reforms in developing and underdeveloped countries. Among other things, it increased the emphasis on social change, on economic progress, and nation building, which the Soviet Union and the United States recognised as the core rationale for these nations in their affairs with either of the great powers (Feste 1992). The global nature of the Cold War, in relation to this great power conflict, is precisely described by Paul Seabury (as cited in Feste 1992,16): Classical great-power competition had stressed principally the respective force capab ilities of states: their command of military power; their ability to build, sustain and manipulate alliances; the reach of their economic and commercial influence. Yet, Soviet-American competition added to this a further element: since both systems claimed to be based upon and legitimated by certain universally valid socioeconomic principles, so their respective performances were then to be judged by supposedly universal norms. The touchstone of performance was thus not merely to be seen in direct matters of power and effective influence when both systems impinged on each other, but in the operational vitality of the principles themselves, both within and outside their respective national and hegemonic realms. Hence the strength of American supremacy stemmed from specific normative ideals not simply assessed in terms of domestic influence and authority. Furthermore, ideology was indispensable as well for the Soviet Union to preserve its position globally, which necessitated support for radical campaigns (Westad 2005). The Cold War had created a particular cluster of organised, global interconnections that held an impression of order and formed a new world balance (Westad 2005). These circumstances depended on a unified group of principles that offered a justification for the interferences of the great powers throughout the Cold War period. Aside from the sphere of influence factor, strategic geographical positioning and ideology made the Cold War a global affair. William Bundy (1989) describes the global nature of the Cold War in terms of ‘balance of power’, arguing that it is difficult to overstate the level of the global supremacy by the Soviet Union and the United States in the initial decades of the post-war period. In terms of

Analysis of Domestic Violence Articles Using ANOVA Essay

Analysis of Domestic Violence Articles Using ANOVA - Essay Example The level of measurement of a variable determines what kinds of tools are appropriate in describing the variables. There are five levels of measurements of variables and these include nominal, ordinal, interval, dichotomous and ratio. The last two are often treated as either nominal or interval respectively (Healey, 2011). In this study, the variables were measured using the nominal and the ordinal categories. A number of methods of statistical data analysis are used and these include factor analysis, correlations analyses, ANOVA and multiple regression analyses. A total of four independent variables and fourteen independent variables were measured. (Kyu & Kanai, 2005) The research question for the study was â€Å"Is domestic violence more likely to happen to women who have been fooled into marriage without truly knowing the partner? The research established that 69% and 27% percent of women were reported experiencing psychological aggression and physical assault respectively. The results also showed that women who have been fooled into marriage without their knowledge experience minor physical assault, severe physical assault and minor psychological aggression. The findings, the researchers say can be used in creating programs that can be used to address the problem effectively in the city (Kyu & Kanai, 2005). The second journal article aimed to study how children are involved in adult domestic violence. The study thus aimed to examine a large number of factors in the family and the surrounding that may be able to explain the differences that are witnessed in children in terms of their responses to adult domestic violence. This study used demographic variables as the independent variables were recorded as ordinal. A total number of ten independent variables and four dependent variables were analyzed in the study (Edleson, Mbilinyi, Beeman, & Hagemeister, 2003).

Modern American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern American History - Essay Example Thus, the advent of nuclear weapons has created profound difficulties to the very spirit of liberal democracy; and the tension between nuclear weapons secrecy and the values of liberal democracy is not new now. During the Cold War, the U.S. intelligence community had maintained maddening level of secrecy, especially on matters of defense and to question it was to run the risk of being accused of lack of patriotism, which became the defense mechanism of the McCarthy era. Is it any different now Can we anymore defend our human rights without appearing to be being "for" the terrorists The answer lies somewhere else. Since Machiavelli, secrecy has been seen as a way of the Republic, which must exercise bureaucratic power by governing through such means that must not be concealed. Such intrigue is the first step towards attaining a stronghold into affairs that is free of public scrutiny and thus becomes rigid, canonical and powerful. The present state has become a panopticon who must gaze into the public and private affairs of its people with distinct "mistrust" and hence raise an air of constant alarm. Woodrow Wilson's Woodrow anti-secrecy assertion during the 1912-election campaign held the view that "Government ought to be all outside and no inside," he said, and "there ought to be no place where anything can be done that everybody does not know aboutcorruption thrives in secret places, and we believe it a fair presumption that secrecy means impropriety."1 However, what actually tilted the balance beam towards governmental secrecy were the Atomic Energy Act of 1 946 and the National Security Act of 1947 just during the Cold War era, which established this determined requirement for secrecy beyond the public's eye and beyond their acquiescence. Political theorist Robert Dahl observes this phenomenon of a sudden urge for nuclear secrecy and comments that such requirements are "a tragic paradox" since "these decisions have largely escaped the control of democratic process."2 Secrecy and its norms have largely become effectively dogmatic after September 11. The whole world has really changed forever but not for good. The government terms this as moral obligation to protect secret and balance it constantly against the public's right to access in a culture of openness. Thus is the question is not secrecy oppressive On the contrary, even in the face of such turbulence one can draw the example of the European Convention of Human Rights. The Rights of people, as per ECHR (European Convention of Human Rights) are put above the rights of states out of a realization, borne out of harsh reality, that states acted in self-interest to the detriment of humanity throughout history. From time immemorial, the concept of States always shares a sense of being threatened (especially superpowers like us Americans): a cause and effect relation of dominating and trying to offer resistance. It is generally believed that though there are peaceful and controlled environments exi sting within states, the international arena is anarchical and prone to uncontrollable violence. What these motifs do is put the focus of national security on the protection of one's territorial boundaries and sovereignty. Power comes to be measured through military capability, where everybody starts sharing a sense of being marginalized. The world begins to have an absurd dynamism and begins to operate on a zero-sum game in which, according to

Role of Forensic Psychology in Child Custody Cases

Role of Forensic Psychology in Child Custody Cases Introduction: This is an outline of the research that the researcher intends to partake. The research under consideration involves carrying out an analysis on the role of forensic psychology in determining child custody cases. This paper contains the purpose of the study, the introduction of the topic, justification for the topic, new insights of the topic, opportunities for future research, and a conclusion. Purpose: The main purpose of this work is to critically analyze the role of forensic psychology in evaluating how the courts should go handle problems of child custody amongst divorcing parents. It is important to understand that during divorce, parents usually fight over the custody of their children. However, in allowing a parent to have custody of a child, the courts have to determine what is good for the child (Clements and Wakeman, 2007). The court can achieve this objective through the help of a forensic psychologist. Based on this fact therefore, this paper will critically look at this concept of forensic psychology, after which it will analyze its role in determining the custody of a child. Introduction of the topic: Day (2014) states that child custody evaluations are meant at providing the court with information that would help the court to determine the type of visitation, as well as custody arrangement that is beneficial to the interest of the child. This is particularly so when parents of a child are not able to make a resolution concerning this issue. Pickar (2008) maintains that psychologists have an ethical obligation to recommend what is good for children, irrespective of whoever requests for their evaluation. For example, in a post divorce family, children are always encouraged to have a healthy, positive, and emotional supported relationship with their parents. Furthermore, Young (2008) maintains that it is the responsibility of parents to give a demonstration on their willingness and ability to cooperatively work together as co-parents. On the other hand, Dutton (2006) defines forensic psychology as an intersection between the justice system, and psychology. This concept involves understanding various fundamental legal principles, especially those that regard the testimony of witnesses, and some specific areas of concern such as the ability of a child to testify, child custody, and visitations. Furthermore, Fridhandler (2008) argues that children will always experience a problem when adjusting to divorce from their parents, and on this basis, forensic psychology can play a great role in determining how the welfare of these children can be undertaken. The main focus of this study is on how psychologists help the courts in evaluating the best method of handling a child custody issue. Justification for the Topic: A research in this topic is important because of the high rate of divorce that occurs in the world. For instance, the rates of divorce in the United States stand at 3.4 in every 1000 marriages. This is a high figure when compared to the divorce rates in countries such as Japan, Spain, Denmark and Mongolia, which have a divorce rate of 2.0, 2.4, 2.7, and 0.7 respectively. Bogaerts (2010) explains that due to these high rates of divorce, it is always children who normally suffer. This is mostly because they will lack the attention of one of their parents. This is a very sensitive issue, mostly because the kids would have to remain under the care of one of their parents. Based on this fact, there is a need of the court to determine who amongst the parents is the most suitable to remain with the children. On this note, the court will have to rely on the expert advice of a forensic psychologist. On this basis, this paper will provide how this crucial role of a psychologist is important in catering for the interests of the child. New Insights of the Paper: This paper is an evaluation of previous studies conducted on forensic psychology, and child custody. On this basis, chances are high that the researcher will come up with new information concerning the role of psychologists and child custody. This is through a critical evaluation of a variety of works, belonging to different scholars, and coming up with an independent conclusion, based on the results of the analysis. Opportunities for future research: Psychology is an ever expanding field of study. This aspect of forensic psychology has numerous opportunities for future research. Opportunities are high that scholars would start studying on how to use psychology for purposes of stopping or minimizing the growth of divorce in the world (Steel, 2010). In fact, psychological counseling normally takes place before couples are married, but little research exist on how to effectively use psychology to prevent a collapse of the marriage institution. It is important to understand that when marriages are saved, these issues of child custody will not emerge. On this basis, psychologists will manage to cater for the interests of children. Conclusion: In conclusion, the major purpose of this research is to understand the importance of forensic psychology, in catering for the needs of children during divorce. This paper is motivated on the fact that there are rising instances of divorce in the current century, and hence there is a need of protecting the interests of children in such a set up. This paper will explore the various researches done on the topic, after which the researcher will come up with a conclusion based on the results of the exploration. Bibliography: Bogaerts, S. (2010). Emerging International Perspectives in Forensic Psychology: Individual  Level Analyses. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 10(4), 263-266. Clements, C. B., Wakeman, E. E. (2007). Raising the Bar: The Case for Doctoral Training in  Forensic Psychology. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 7(2), 53-63. Day, A. (2014). Competing ethical paradigms in forensic psychiatry and forensic psychology:  Commentary for a special section of legal and criminological psychology. Legal and  Criminological Psychology, 19(1), 16-18. Dutton, D. G. (2006). Domestic Abuse Assessment in Child Custody Disputes: Beware the  Domestic Violence Research Paradigm. Journal of Child Custody, 2(4), 23-42. Fridhandler, B. (2008). Science and Child Custody Evaluations: What Qualifies as â€Å"Scientific†?.  Journal of Child Custody, 5(3-4), 256-275. Pickar, D. (2008). Countertransference Bias in the Child Custody Evaluator. Journal of Child  Custody, 4(3), 45-67. Steel, J. (2010). Forensic psychology. Research, clinical practice, and applications. Journal of  Forensic Psychiatry Psychology, 21(2), 317-319. Young, S. (2008). Learning Forensic Assessment. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry Psychology,  19(4), 643-644.

Womens Role in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay -- Gabriel Garcia

In Latin America, women are treated differently from men and children. They do lots of work for unexplainable reasons. Others for religious reasons and family orders and others because of the men involved. Women are like objects to men and have to obey their orders to either be rich or to live. Some have sex to get the men’s approval, others marry a rich man that they don’t even know very well, and become slaves. An important book called Chronicles of a Death Foretold is an example of how these women are treated. Purisima del Carmen, Angela Vicario's mother, has raised Angela and her sisters to be good wives. The girls do not marry until late in life, rarely socializing beyond the outsides of their own home. They spend their time sewing, weaving, washing and ironing. Other occupations include arranging flowers, cleaning up the house, and writing engagement letters to other men. They also keep the old traditions alive, such as helping the sick, comforting the dying, and covering the dead. While their mother believes they are perfect, men view them as too tied to their women's traditions. The men are afraid that the women would pay more attention to their job more than the men. Throughout the book, the women receive the respect they deserve from the men and others around them. â€Å"Any man will be happy with them because they have been raised to suffer† (pg 31, Marquez) This quote talks about how the daughters are taught embroidery, machine sewing, lace weaving, helping the unfortunate, and serving just to cope with the society. Most married women get engaged at the age of 14. The man may be 17 or 18. Not saying that if a female is a hard worker but looks ugly that she wouldn’t get a forced marriage. Many Latin American women would li... ...es one forgot she existed.† The daughters she raises are â€Å"perfect†¦ any man will be happy with them because they’ve been raised to suffer.† As for marriage, they must do as their family says, not out of love. This means they can’t pick anyone they want to marry, the family does. Most Latin American families want their lady to marry a wealthy man. They know that wealthy man is aggressive, so Angela or her sisters would be perfect since they are raised to deal with harsh situations. So when Angela Vicario is told by her parents that she must marry Bayardo San Romà ¡n, a wealthy and somewhat mysterious stranger who knows from the instant he sees Angela, that she is the woman he must have. She has no choice but to consent, particularly since her family is of modest means. Bibliography: Marquez, Gabriel Garcia. Chronicles of a Death Foretold, 2008, Vintage.